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广东学位英语学习复习资料之三

整理编辑:广东省学位英语考试网  发布时间:2022-11-30 11:07:42  阅读量:0

广东学位英语学习复习资料之三


        3. 阅读理解

        在解答时一定要区分好题型,是细节题就要使用细节题的答题方法和技巧,是主旨题就要使用主旨题的答题方法和技巧。同时要注意以下几点:阅读中的重点句子:段首句;因果句;转折句;列举句;正确选项的特点:文章关键词的改写。


        (1)构词知识

        词根是一个单词的根本部分,代表词的基本意义;前缀是加在词根或单词前面的部分,通常也有一定含义;后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分,通常在增加词义的同时还改变词性。通过词根词缀构词的方式有多种,现简单归纳


        ①前缀 词根:inter(中间)vene→intervene(介入):

        ②词根 后缀:circle(圆)let(小)→circlet(小环)

        ③词根 词根:tele(远)scope(镜)→telescope(望远镜)

        ④前缀 词根 后缀:in(不)aud(听)ible(可)→inaudible(听不见)

        ⑤双前缀 词根:re(再)dis(取下)cover(盖)→rediscover(再发现)

        ⑥词根 双后缀:care(用心)less(不)ly(地)→carelessly(不小心地)

        ⑦前缀 双词根:tri(三)gono(角)metry(测量)→trigonometry(三角几何学)

        ⑧双词根 后缀:biblio(书)phil(爱)ist(人)→bibliophilist(书籍爱好者)

        ⑨双前缀 词根 后缀:ir(不)re(对)sist(站)ible→irresistible(不可抵抗的)

        前缀 词根 双后缀:se(离)greg(群)ation ist→segregationist(种族隔离主义者)

        双前缀 词根 双后缀:un(不)pre(先)ced(走) ent ed→unprecedented(空前的;史无前例的)


        (2) 上下文线索

        利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多,但其核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索,这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种:

        ①同义定义为了便于读者理解本义,有时会对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时,常使用一些信号词,如:is/are(called),means,can be defined as,refer to,is/are known as,signify等,例:Food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true.:

        或标点符号,如——,(  )等,例:

        Multiplexing ——transmitting independent signals at the same time in the same channel——increases the efficiency of radio channels.

        有时,用同位语形式或连词or给出定义,例:

        Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates,“hollowgutted” organisms like hydra and the sea anemone.

        Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big,complex types of brain——the types we find among the vertebrates,or backboned animals.


        ②近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作用,我们可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义。例:

        Mr. and Mrs. Firth had a long courtship. They dated for nine years before they got married.

        Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt never stole money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.


        ③反义对照在表示对照的上下文中,常包含有意义相反的词语或概念,这些意义相反的概念可以互为线索,帮助我们猜度词义。常有以下一些信号词:although,but,however,though,whereas,while,yet,on the contrary,on the other hand等。

        例:Chimpanzees(猩猩)in the wild use simple objects as tools, but in laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated items.

        Most dentists-offices are drab places, while Emilio‘s new office is a bright, cheerful place.


        ④搭配集合利用词与词的搭配或该词所出现的语境,我们也能推知词义的大概轮廓。例:

        People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water sprouted from holes in the jacket(套,壳)of the radiator.


        ⑤比较举例上下文中的比较和举例,能揭示比较物或列举物之间的共性,我们可根据这些共性来推知有关词语的意思。例:

        The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area.

        Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.


        ⑥因果时间因与果、时间的先与后都是事物发展变化过程中的必然关系,在利用上下文推测词义时,这些关系也至关重要。例:

        Robert is considered peremptory administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. When Mark was in pedantic mood, he assumed the manner of a famous professor and gave long lectures on boring, insignificant topics.

        

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